Sinuses are air-filled spaces in the skull that connect to the nose. They produce mucus that cleans the air you breathe. When sinuses become inflamed or swollen, it's called sinusitis, or a sinus infection. What are sinuses?Sinuses are hollow spaces in the skull behind the forehead, cheeks, nasal bones, and eyes They produce mucus that cleans the air you breathe Healthy sinuses contain no bacteria or other germs What causes sinusitis? Colds and allergies can cause too much mucus to be produced or block the sinus openingsA deviated nasal septum, nasal bone spur, or nasal polyps can block the sinus openingsSmall hairs (cilia) in the sinuses may not move mucus out properlyWhat are the symptoms of sinusitis? Throbbing head painFacial painDifficulty moving your head or bending overSnoring at nightSounding nasal when you speakIrritability in young childrenDifficulty feeding in young childrenBreathing through the mouth in young childrenHow is sinusitis treated? Most sinus infections clear up within a week or 10 daysYou can try over-the-counter medicationsIf the infection is bacterial, you may need antibioticsA healthcare provider can recommend special medication or at-home remedies

Audiometry

Ear surgery is a procedure to change the shape, size, or position of the ears. It can also be used to repair ear defects. Types of ear surgeryOtoplasty: A cosmetic surgery that changes the shape of the ears. It can be used to pin back ears, correct birth defects, or repair ears that have been injured. Microtia repair: A surgery to repair small, malformed, or absent ears. It can involve creating a new ear from the patient's own tissue or building a prosthetic ear. Ear defect repair: A plastic surgery to restore the form and function of the outer ear after trauma or cancer surgery. Cochlear implant: A surgery that bypasses a malfunctioning part of the ear and sends sound signals to the inner ear. Ear tube surgery: A surgery that creates a tube in the ear to help with drainage. Labyrinthectomy: A surgery that removes part of the inner ear to treat vertigo and Ménière's disease. Stapedectomy: A surgery that removes the stapes, a small bone in the middle ear. Ear surgery can be performed in a surgeon's office, an outpatient surgical facility, or a hospital. It can be performed under local or general anesthesia. Who is a good candidate for ear surgery?Children who are healthy and cooperative, and whose ear cartilage is stable enough for correction Adults who are in good health and have realistic expectations for the outcome.